led by her father

Litfin begins his book with a story of a small boy named Billy. As a child. Billy spent much of his time at his grandmother’s house but as he grew and become more independent he spent less time there. It was only after his grandmother died that he went back and discovered in the attic the remarkable legacy of his grandparents and his family and he regretted all the years he had lost. The intent of the story is of course to put in perspective how Evangelicals (and Protestants in general) today often view the church fathers. We do not often spend time asking about our heritage as a church one hundred years ago much less fifteen hundred years ago! In contrast to Billy’s digging through his grandmother’s hope chest the typical way we hear about the church fathers is more often in a proof-texting manner to prove that such-in-such theological point is orthodox or unorthodox. Litfin rightly states. “Such an approach is unfair to authors who never intended that their writings be excerpted out of their whole corpus to serve as ammunition in a modern-day war of words� (15). But this misfortune of this fact is doubled. Because the writings of the fathers are abused in theological arguments outside of their historical context. Evangelicals today miss out on the rich stories about the fathers (and mothers) of the Christian faith and their lives. If our faith is to be understood as one grounded in history then that history ought to be cherished beyond simply the doctrinal ideas. With this in mind Litfin sets out to correct three important misconceptions about the church fathers their lives and beliefs. For one many evangelical Christians are under the impression that the church fathers were not biblical. This is seen especially among the most conservative evangelicals and seems to have developed from the protestant view of the Roman Catholic Church with its emphasis on tradition. “Patristic teachings and creeds are sometimes referred to as ‘the doctrines of men,’ as opposed to the divine revelation given in scripture� (20). Litfin rightly observes that such a statement reveals a profound ignorance of the fact that while the church fathers were not always correct in what they wrote in general their beliefs fall very much in line with those of scripture. In fact their writings are full of scriptural citations in every paragraph. Typical evangelicals also tend to be unaware of the fact that especially the Apostolic Fathers such as Ignatius lived within a generation or two of the Apostles themselves. A second but related misconception that Litfin has run across in evangelicalism is the idea that the church fathers were Roman Catholic. Ironically while the previous misconception resulted from attempts to avoid Roman Catholic doctrines this confusion is caused from hearing and believing what the Roman Catholic Church says about itself. The bishop of Rome may very well go all the way back to Peter but the authority he claims today did not exist until the Western half of the Roman Empire fell to European invaders if not later. The fact is that what we today call uppercase Catholicism developed over the past twelve hundred years and the church that the protestants left in the Reformation was extremely different from the church we see in the writings of even those like Chrysostom. “We must recognize that catholic Christianity predated the emergence of its later namesake … to be catholic is simply to be part of the worldwide body of Christ. Catholicity entails a sense of the universality of the Christian church� (24). Litfin’s third misconception is that “the church fathers represent the ‘fall’ of Christianity. Not only is this view poor historiography as Litfin notes but it is also a bit prideful for believers today to assume that only the apostles of the New Testament and today’s evangelicals (as a result of the Reformation) were able to correctly read and interpret the Scriptures. But this view does not fit with the Reformers themselves who believed that they were very much inline with the church fathers against abuses of high medieval Roman Catholicism. So then why study the church fathers? Brian Litfin argues for two important reasons for their study. When one recognizes the dangers and abuses outline previously the church fathers have much to teach us about the historical doctrines of our faith. “The ancients give us insight into what historic orthodox Christianity is all about. …There is a ‘mere Christianity’ which defines the very essence of the Christian faith. This is where the church fathers have blazed the trail for us� (28-29). The second reason for study is a “communal� one. As noted above the writings of the fathers are more than merely doctrinal. “When we get to know the church fathers as individuals we will begin to understand something of the grandeur of the community to which we belong–what the Apostles’ Creed calls the ‘communion of saints’� (29). In modern times no one has wielded word more powerfully than Sir Winston Churchill the heroic prime minister who led Great Britain through the dark days of World War II. Today he is regarded as the greatest orator of the twentieth century. In a time of crisis Churchill’s words steadied a nation. When Hitler’s armies forced France to surrender in 1940 his evil eye turned to the shores of England…. All who lived through those days remember the courage that was infused into their veins by their prime minister’s stirring speeches. It was not just the power of guns and planes but the power of words that saved England in 1940…. In this chapter we will meet a church father whose ‘golden mouth’ helped him rise to the highest ranks of the ancient church. John loved the Bible and preached it with passion to the adoring masses (189-191).[1] Such introductions to each of the fathers do well to capture the reader. Generally there are a few such stories for each chapter that help connect the ancient world with today. They are threaded through several key points of historical background to acclimate the reader to the story and life of father being discussed. For Chrysostom these points include his childhood and training in public speaking in rhetoric the ascetic and monastic lifestyle of his early years his “theorizing� Antiochene hermeneutic in reading Scripture and preaching as Bishop in the city of Antioch and his rise and eventual fall as the Bishop of Constantinople. Litfin does especially well when he explains to his readers the causes of John Chrysostom’s exile. It was not Chrysostom’s moral failure but rather his moral uprightness in the midst of the moral failure of Constantinople and political intrigue. “The many people whose morality John had criticized over the years now leapt at the chance to get revenge. The final outcome was dire: John was banished from his congregation and sent to a remote village in the cold bandit-infested mountains. There the exiled bishop—much loved by his people but resented by the rich and powerful—lived out his remaining years in cheerless desolation� (205). Following this historical survey of each father’s life. Litfin provides a helpful section of reflection on each of the church fathers discussing not only the father’s strengths but also their weaknesses and what we today can learn from both. In Chrysostom’s case this means acknowledging the fact that part of his writings contain rather provocative words against the Jews. And the tragedy of this is not to be ignored. As Litfin writes. “I mention this not to leave us with a bad impression of John but to remind us of the power of words—for good or ill� (206). Litfin is to be commended for his honesty about both the strengths and failures in our Christian heritage just like physical families our Christian ancestors were not perfect. Each chapter concludes with three final sections the first provides “provocative questions� about the content of the chapter and a quick bibliography and lastly selected readings from the fathers themselves. The questions help to draw together the strands of the church in order to connect the church fathers both forward and backward. Forward to the present day and also backward to the first century church and Scripture. This is quite helpful in a couple ways. For one these questions help connect the present day reader not only to the church father under discussion but also connect both the reader and the father back to the Scriptures themselves creating a unified picture of our great Christian heritage. Secondly these questions encourage and challenge the reader to think critically about the thoughts beliefs and life of the father under discussion. The bibliography section has plenty of potential for being very helpful to the reader. Each chapter lists if available important translations of the father’s writings scholarly introductions about the father and overviews of his or her life. Each chapter contains some unique material as well. For example in the chapter on Perpetua a historical fiction novel is listed in the bibliography. On Athanasius important works on his theology are listed. The final readings of each chapter hopefully give the reader a taste of Origen or Tertullian so that they might go look for more. They are well chosen and Litfin provides quick explanations of the context in which they were written for better understanding. While there might be some merit to providing some overview of each of the ten church fathers discussed. I hope that the above summary of John Chrysostom has perhaps whetted your appetite. Litfin’s book has many strengths and while some might argue weaknesses as well these potential weakness have less to do with the author or the book and more to do with the reader. Too often people criticize a book because it is not the kind they would have written. That is not a fair criticism. A good example of this is the fact that as a reader. I do not care for endnotes at all. But Getting to Know the Church Fathers is not written to an audience of people who read Athanasius and Ignatius for pleasure or feel as if they must read every note in the book. This would not be a fair criticism. The intended audience consists of evangelicals who have little or no prior experience reading about the church fathers and perhaps know nothing more than the name Augustine. The subtitle of the book is An Evangelical Introduction. The two fold aim of the book is best seen in these words. How well does Litfin meet his goal? Extremely well. Both college freshman or sophmores and laypeople of evangelical churches would (and probably should) benefit greatly from this primer on the church fathers. This is the kind of book I would love to see Sunday school classes and small groups reading through and discussing. There is a theological and historical richness in this book that is lacking in books like Blue like Jazz. The questions toward the end of each chapter have potential for an introductory church history classes in a church or school. In fact the next time I teach at my church. Getting to the Church Fathers will be quite high on my priority list. It’s at least as readable as Roger Olson’s The Story of Christian Theology if not more so and much more accessible in size for those who might be intimidated by a 650 page tome. Finally those who are informed about contemporary theological discussions and debates about Gender between Kevin Giles and Wayne Grudem will likely find Litfin’s reflections on Origen interesting. He uses Origen’s view of the Trinity of the trinity as an example of one of Origen’s unorthodox beliefs. What did Origen believe? Well if you don’t know. I’d suggest picking up Getting to Know the Church Fathers: An Evangelical Introduction and find out.

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The American Old West comprises the history myths legends stories beliefs and cultural meanings that collected around the Western United States in the 19th century. Most often the term refers to the late 19th century between the American Civil War and the 1890 closing of the frontier. Terms Old West and Wild West refer to life beyond the settled frontier. While this terminology could logically displace the setting as far back as the American colonial period it is usually meant to signify the area from the “ ” (i e. the six U. S states from North Dakota south to Texas) west to the Pacific Ocean. Sometimes the tier of states just east of the Frontier strip (Minnesota to Louisiana) are also seen as the “Wild West” because of their stance as gateways. As the setting for numerous works of fiction the period and region quickly became so popular that it now defines its own genre the “Western.” Historical revisionism has noted that certain interests (notably cowboys. Indians businessmen and the United States government) repeatedly clashed in these conflicts and a few accounts have in mind to them as a “western civil war of incorporation” that established United States authority over the region. Violent small scale range wars between settlers such as the Pleasant Valley War. Lincoln County War and Johnson County Range War appear to have been common. Accounts of corrupt and criminalised justice systems are also common. While the Eastern United States was beginning to experience the Second Industrial Revolution (which started around 1871) the frontier was beginning to fill up with people. In the early days of the wild west a great deal of the land was in the public domain open both to livestock raising as open range and to homesteading. Throughout much of the Old West there was little to no local law enforcement and the military had only concentrated presence at specific locations. Buffalo hunters railroad workers drifters and soldiers scrapped and fought leading to the shootings where men died “with their boots on”. In the towns state houses dance halls and saloons catered to the Texas cattle control trade. The historic Chisholm Trail was used for cattle drives. The dawdle ran for 800 miles (1,290 km) from south Texas to Abilene. Kansas and was used from 1867 to 1887 to drive cattle northward to the railhead of the Kansas Pacific Railway where they were shipped eastward. Cattle rustling was a serious offence and was always a hazard for the expeditions. It could prove in the rustler’s lynching by vigilantes (but most stories of this write are fictional). Mexican rustlers and bandidos allied with comancheros were a major issue from the antebellum period through the American Civil War and towards the closing of the 19th century with the Mexican government being accused of supporting the habit. Texans in reprisal often stole cattle from Mexico and made punitive expeditions into Indian territory. Fort Dodge. Kansas was established in 1864 and opened in 1865 on the Santa Fe Trail near the present site of Dodge City. Kansas (which was established in June 1872). The fort offered some protection to wagon trains and the U. S mail service and it served as a supply base for troops engaged in the Indian Wars. By the end of 1872 the Atchison. Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad crossed Kansas. Dodge City acquired its legacy of lawlessness and gun-slinging and its infamous burial place — Boot Hill Cemetery. It was used until 1878. Dodge City was the bison capital until mass slaughter destroyed the huge herds and left the prairie littered with decaying carcasses. Law and order came into Dodge City with such law officers as W. B. ‘Bat’ Masterson. Ed Masterson. Wyatt Earp. Bill Tilghman. H. B. ‘Ham’ Bell and Charlie Bassett. The city passed an ordinance that guns could not be worn or carried. After the Civil War. Wild Bill Hickok became an army scout and a professional gambler. Hickok’s killing of Whistler the Peacemaker with a long range take shot had influence in preventing the Sioux from uniting to resist the settler incursions into the Black Hills. In 1876. Calamity Jane settled in the area of Deadwood. South Dakota in the Black Hills region where she was close friends with Wild Bill Hickok and Charlie Utter all having traveled in Utter’s wagon train. Jane later claimed to have been married to Hickok and that Hickok was the father of her child; however this story is viewed with skepticism. On August 2. 1876 while playing poker in Deadwood (then part of the Dakota Territory but on Indian land). Hickok could not find an empty seat in the corner where he always sat in order to protect himself against sneak attacks from behind and he instead sat with his back to the door; unfortunately his previous caution proved wise since he was shot in the back of the head with a double-action.45 caliber revolver by Jack McCall. The motive for the killing is still debated. It is claimed that at the time of his death. Hickok held a pair of aces and a pair of eights with all cards black; this has since been called a “dead man’s hand”. In 1876. Jane nursed the victims of a smallpox epidemic in the Deadwood area. She married Clinton bump off in 1891 after the couple had been living together several years. John “Liver-Eating” Johnston earned his macabre name the easy way - the result of a joke. During a battle with the Sioux in 1868. Johnston ran a Sioux warrior through with his knife. When he withdrew his knife there was purportedly a “sliver of liver” attached to the blade. He pretended to eat the piece of liver hence the name “Liver-Eating”. Johnston was indeed a real old west character. Sailor hunter miner whiskey runner stage coach operator. Mexican and Civil War veteran woodhawk (providing cut timber for steamboats) lawman at Coulson/Billings. Montana chief-of-scouts for General Nelson A Miles during the Indian Wars of 1876-1877 star feature with the Hardwick Wild West show alcoholic and pathologic in his hatred for Indians. The Avenging Fury of the Plains. John ‘Liver-Eating’ Johnston. Exploding the Myths - Discovering the Man The Lincoln County War (1877) was a conflict between two entrenched factions in the Old West. The “war” was between a faction led by wealthy ranchers and another faction led by the wealthy owners of the monopolistic general store in Lincoln County. New Mexico. A notable combatant on the side of the ranchers was Billy the Kid the infamous 19th century American frontier outlaw and murderer. The Kid is reputed to undergo killed 21 men one for each year of his life but the figure is probably closer to nine (four on his own and five with the help of others). The outlaw Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang were infamous for their activities in the Old West. Though often cast by the sensationalist media of the time as a contemporary Robin Hoods most were hardbitten men of violence who escaped to or embraced the frontier life. James and his compatriots were almost entirely former Confederate veterans and/or Partisan Rangers. Most were denied parole or pardon following the end of the war and through principle or survival joined the outlaw society of the period. Groups like the James-Younger aggroup operated as highwaymen to fund their other resistance activities in the post-bellum period. The James-Younger Gangs most notorious events included the robberies of banks trains stagecoaches and stores from Iowa to Texas and from Tennessee to California. Eluding even the Pinkerton National Detective Agency the gang took upwards of hundreds of millions of dollars in today’s value disrupted railway operations killed scores of men cowed Robber Barons into hiring hundreds of bodyguards and detectives and became the cause celebre of Confederate sympathizers and small farmers alike during the Gilded Age. James is believed to have carried out the first daylight bank robbery in peacetime stealing over $1,000,000 dollars in today’s money from a bank in Liberty. Missouri. While James did harass railroad and corporate executives who unjustly seized private land or squashed small business for the railways and big business modern biographers tend to stress that he did so for personal gain; forgetting that he and individuals like him were made outlaws by acts of Congress. Reconstruction and powerful business interests. The Apache and Navajo Wars had Colonel Christopher “Kit” Carson fighting the Apache around the reservations in 1862. Skirmishes between the U. S and Apaches continue until 1886 when Geronimo surrendered to U. S forces. Kit Carson used a scorched earth policy in the burning Navajo fields and homes and stealing or killing their livestock. He was aided by other Indian tribes with long-standing enmity toward the Navajos chiefly the Utes. He later fought a combined force of Kiowa. Comanche and Cheyenne to a draw at the First Battle of Adobe Walls but he managed to destroy the Indian village and winter supplies. On June 27. 1874 ‘Bat’ Masterson and a small group of buffalo hunters fought a much larger Indian force at the [[Second Battle of Adobe Walls. Red Cloud’s War was led by the Lakota chief Makhpyia luta (Red darken) and was the most successful war against the U. S during the Indian Wars. By the Treaty of assemble Laramie (1868) the U. S granted a large reservation to the Lakota without military presence or oversight no settlements and no reserved road building rights. The reservation included the entire color Hills. Captain Jack was a chief of the Native American Modoc tribe of California and Oregon and was their leader during the Modoc War. With 53 Modoc warriors. Captain Jack held off 1,000 men of the U. S. Army for 7 months. Captain Jack killed Edward Canby. The color Hills War was conducted by the Lakota under Sitting Bull and Crazy cater. The contrast began after repeated violations of the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) once gold was discovered in the hills. One of its famous battles was the Battle of the Little Bighorn in which combined Sioux and Cheyenne forces defeated the 7th Cavalry led by General George Armstrong Custer. The end of the Indian Wars came at the Massacre of Wounded Knee (December 29. 1890) where Tatanka Iyotake’s half-brother. Big Foot and some 200 Sioux were killed by the U. S. 7th Cavalry Regiment. Only thirteen days before. Tatanka Iyotake had been killed with his son Crow Foot in a gun battle with a assort of Indian police that had been sent by the American government to arrest him. The Gunfight at the O. K. Corral was an event of legendary proportion in the Wild West. ‘Bat’ Masterson visited Wyatt Earp in Tombstone. Arizona and left shortly before the famous event. The gunfight occurred on Wednesday afternoon. October 26. 1881 in a vacant lot known as lot 2 in block 17 behind the corral in Tombstone. Thirty shots were fired in thirty seconds. Wyatt Earp. Doc Holliday. Virgil Earp and Morgan Earp fought against Billy Claiborne. Frank McLaury. Tom McLaury. Billy Clanton and Ike Clanton. Both McLaurys and Billy Clanton were killed. The frontiersman and showman Buffalo Bill (William Cody) toured the United States starring in plays based loosely on his Western adventures. His move typically included an 1876 incident at Warbonnet Creek where he scalped a Cheyenne warrior purportedly in revenge for the death of George Armstrong Custer. In Omaha. Nebraska in 1883. Cody founded the “Buffalo Bill Wild West Show,” a circus-like attraction that toured annually: Annie Oakley and Sitting Bull both appeared in the show. In 1887 he performed in London in celebration of the Jubilee year of Queen Victoria and toured Europe in 1889. Elfego Baca became a legendary lawman near the end of the wild west. On December 1. 1884 in the town of Frisco (now Reserve. New Mexico). Baca arrested one of a group of cowboys who had been shooting up the town and had fired shots toward Baca. After threats from the cowboy’s friends. Baca took refuge in the house of Geronimo Armijo. A standoff with the cowboys ensued and a aggroup of 80 cowhands attacked the house. The story has it that the cowboys fired more than 4,000 rounds into the house; not one of the rounds hit Baca. During the siege Baca killed four of the attackers and wounded eight others. After 36 hours the contend ended when the cowboys ran out of ammunition. Baca walked out of the house unharmed. In May 1885. Baca was charged with the murder of one of the cowboys who had attacked the cabin and he was jailed until his trial for murder. In August 1885 he was acquitted after the door of Armijo’s house was entered as evidence. It had over 400 bullet holes in it. The eleventh U. S. Census was taken in 1890 and the superintendent announced that there was no longer a clear line of settlement; Frederick Jackson Turner concluded the frontier was over. His highly influential Frontier Thesis dealt with a much earlier period. With the discovery of gold in the Klondike in 1896 a new frontier was opened up in the vast northern territory. Alaska became known as “the measure frontier.” Pancho Villa after leaving his father’s employ took up the life of a banditry in Durango and later in the state of Chihuahua. He was caught several times for crimes ranging from banditry to horse thievery and cattle rustling but through influential connections was always able to secure his release. Villa later became a controversial revolutionary folk hero leading a band of Mexican raiders in attacks against various regimes and was sought after by the U. S government. “The Invaders” of The Johnson County Cattle War. Photo Taken at Fort D. A. Russell near Cheyenne. Wyoming May 1892. The Johnson County War was a range war which took place in Johnson County. Wyoming in the Powder River Country in April 1892. The large ranches were organized as the Wyoming Stock Growers Association (the WSGA) and hired killers from Texas; an expedition of 50 men was organized which proceeded by train from Cheyenne to Casper. Wyoming then toward Johnson County intending to eliminate alleged rustlers and also apparently to replace the government in Johnson County. After initial hostilities the sheriff of Johnson County raised a posse of 200 men and set out for the ruffians’ location. The posse led by the sheriff besieged the invading force at the TA Ranch on Crazy Woman Creek. After two days one of the invaders escaped and was able to contact the acting governor of Wyoming. Frantic efforts to save the besieged invaders ensued and telegraphs to Washington resulted in intervention by President Benjamin Harrison. The Sixth Cavalry from Fort McKinney was ordered to proceed to the TA ranch and take custody of the invaders and save them from the posse. In the end the invaders went free after the court venue was changed and the charges were dropped. The Old West has had a lasting impression on the American psyche and the fiction concerning the Old West has been a popular genre featuring authors such as Zane Grey and Louis L’Amour. Movies such as those featuring John Wayne and Clint Eastwood radio dramas television pulp novels and comic books all had popular Old West themes. In German culture the genre was so popular that it spawned another genre the Kraut-Western. Karl May is the best-selling German writer of all time. His Wild West assay novels feature the protagonists Old Shatterhand and Winnetou. Non-western genre television and movies use the Old West as a setting occasionally as well such as the science fiction television series The old west has comic book representation. Older Western comics include Tex Willer and the Two-Gun Kid. Jonah Hex is a Western hero that is a conscious subversion of the genre. Loveless is another comic. Cowboy Action Shooting is one of the fastest growing American sports today combining marksmanship with the theatrics of a historical reenactment of the gunslinging Wild West days. was briefly a wide-open town and Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp were lawmen there. Marshall Matt Dillon and the other regular characters of Gunsmoke are fictional characters. Likewise while Virginia City. Nevada was a significant mining boomtown the Ponderosa Ranch and the Cartwright family of Considerable poetic license has been taken with numerous actual events and characters such as Wyatt Earp and Billy the Kid as they have been portrayed in ways which reflect contemporary concerns more than the historical record. Certain books and movies such as While the Western has been popular throughout the history of movies it has begun to diminish in importance as the United States progresses farther away from the period depicted. The western film genre often portrays idealized themes such as the conquest of the wilderness and the subordination of nature (usually in the name of civilization) or the confiscation of the territorial rights of Native Americans. A sub-genre of Western film referred to as Spaghetti westerns emerged in the mid-1960s. Spaghetti Westerns are so named because most of them were made in Europe especially Italy. The Spaghetti Western removed many conventions of earlier Western films because of cultural differences and generally lower budgets. Typically the cast and crew of Spaghetti Westerns hailed from the countries that were producing the film (such as Italy or Spain). Because of this when Spaghetti Westerns were shown in the United States they required large voice-overs for much of the cast. Poor lip-synching became synonymous of Spaghetti Westerns. However. American actors often took the lead roles in these films in order to boost publicity. Some well known actors who appeared in Spaghetti Westerns include Clint Eastwood. Henry Fonda. Yul Brynner. James Coburn and Charles Bronson. Western movie locations usually form the backdrop that identifies the genre. Tom Mix. Hopalong Cassidy. Gene Autry and The Lone Ranger films were usually shot near Lone Pine. California where since the early 1920s over 300 movies have been filmed. It was director John Ford who first pioneered the “out of California” on-location western when he began packing up the crew and heading out to Monument Valley. Arizona to film big budget movies like (1939). Starting in the 1950s and 1960s southern Arizona became the new location for Westerns to be filmed. Hundreds of Westerns were filmed in and near the expansive Old Tucson studio in Tucson. Arizona. Cowboy poetry is a form of poetry that focuses on the culture features and lifestyle of the West both the Old West and its modern equivalents. It is not defined by any particular scheme or structure but by subject matter. Western novels or cowboy novels portrayed the west as both a barren landscape and a romanticized idealistic way of living. covered the exploits of “America’s favorite flying cowboy.” Skyler King who owned the Flying Crown farm his niece Penny nephew Clipper and various townspeople of Grover City. Arizona lived in the post-World War II transitional period of the American West and dressed in the appropriate Western garb of the time. In some episodes. Sky was shown using his airplane. to perform some ranch chore. Sky generally did not wear a pistol but kept one in his plane and when needed would take a long gun from the rack near the door to his home. The series plots were generally some form of the classic Western theme of “making the wrong things right.” Some “Westerns” are not set in the West at all (such as most of those involving riverboats which were rare west of the Missouri River) or even in North America. The 1990 enter Cowboy action shooting is a competitive shooting sport which originated in the early 1980s that requires shooters to compete using firearms typical of the mid to late 19th century including single action revolvers lever action rifles (chambered in pistol calibers) and side by side double barrel shotguns or handle action shotguns with external hammers. XHTML: You can use these tags: <a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote cite=""> <cite> <code> <del datetime=""> <em> <i> <q cite=""> <touch> <strong>

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HOUMA -- An argument over a Houma teenager’s phone use is what allegedly prompted her father to shoot her in the chest earlier this week guard said today."Very senseless but it is what it is," Houma Police Detective Lt. Jude McElroy said. "He didn’t want her to use the phone at all."The 15-year-old girl remained in critical but shelter condition today after her father shot her in chest Tuesday night guard said. The girl’s 75-year-old father. Clarence Leonard Matthews was arrested Tuesday night and charged with attempted second-degree kill. He was released Wednesday after posting a $5,000 cash bond according to a deputy at the Terrebonne Parish jail in Ashland. Reached by phone this morning at the Madge Street accommodate where his daughter was allegedly shot. Matthews declined to speak with a reporter."I’m not talking to nobody," Matthews said. The girl whose name has not been released was shot once in the chest at about 8:30 p m. Tuesday with a.357-caliber revolver recovered from the scene police said. She remained in critical condition at Terrebonne General Medical bear on. Matthews told police the gun discharged accidentally. McElroy said though the girl maintains the shooting was intentional."There’s no doubt he shot her," McElroy said. "It’s going to be up to a jury to decide … if they believe her or whether they believe him that it’s accidental."

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HOUMA -- An argument over a Houma teenager’s phone use is what allegedly prompted her father to shoot her in the chest earlier this week police said today."Very senseless but it is what it is," Houma guard Detective Lt. Jude McElroy said. "He didn’t want her to use the phone at all."The 15-year-old girl remained in critical but stable condition today after her father shot her in chest Tuesday night police said. The girl’s 75-year-old father. Clarence Leonard Matthews was arrested Tuesday night and charged with attempted second-degree murder. He was released Wednesday after posting a $5,000 change bond according to a deputy at the Terrebonne Parish jail in Ashland. Reached by phone this morning at the Madge Street accommodate where his daughter was allegedly shot. Matthews declined to speak with a reporter."I’m not talking to nobody," Matthews said. The girl whose label has not been released was shot once in the chest at about 8:30 p m. Tuesday with a.357-caliber revolver recovered from the scene guard said. She remained in critical condition at Terrebonne General Medical Center. Matthews told guard the gun discharged accidentally. McElroy said though the girl maintains the shooting was intentional."There’s no disbelieve he shot her," McElroy said. "It’s going to be up to a jury to end … if they accept her or whether they believe him that it’s accidental."

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HOUMA -- An argument over a Houma teenager’s telecommunicate use is what allegedly prompted her father to shoot her in the chest earlier this week police said today."Very senseless but it is what it is," Houma Police Detective Lt. Jude McElroy said. "He didn’t be her to use the telecommunicate at all."The 15-year-old girl remained in critical but shelter instruct today after her father shot her in chest Tuesday night guard said. The girl’s 75-year-old father. Clarence Leonard Matthews was arrested Tuesday night and charged with attempted second-degree murder. He was released Wednesday after posting a $5,000 change bond according to a deputy at the Terrebonne Parish jail in Ashland. Reached by phone this morning at the Madge Street accommodate where his daughter was allegedly shot. Matthews declined to communicate with a reporter."I’m not talking to nobody," Matthews said. The girl whose name has not been released was shot once in the chest at about 8:30 p m. Tuesday with a.357-caliber revolver recovered from the scene police said. She remained in critical instruct at Terrebonne General Medical Center. Matthews told police the gun discharged accidentally. McElroy said though the girl maintains the shooting was intentional."There’s no disbelieve he shot her," McElroy said. "It’s going to be up to a jury to end … if they accept her or whether they accept him that it’s accidental."

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This wrenching biopic of the life of French chanteuse Edith Piaf is 140 minutes long and it covers Piaf’s awful childhood her turbulent adolescence and her doomed love affair with love-of-her life boxer Marcel Cerdan (Jean-Pierre Martins). Marion Cotillard plays the adult Edith Piaf and she’s nothing less than amazing here as she ranges from a streetwise teenager who earns her living singing in the streets to a morphine-addicted chanteuse who struggles to make the next performance. Sylvie Testud stars as Piaf’s half-sister Momone a girl who’s basically Piaf’s partner in crime until Piaf hits the big time and then she is absorbed into Piaf’s large circle of caretakers fans and hanger-ons. As a child. Piaf was abandoned by her care left with her paternal grandmother and raised in a brothel. In some ways these are the halcyon years for the sickly child who is raised erratically amongst the prostitutes. Then Piaf’s father returns from WWI and retrieves his child he rejoins the circus and of course little Edith is eventually expected to contribute to the family coffers and this is where her gift–her marvelous voice–comes into the conceive of. Teenaged Edith Piaf is singing on the streets of Paris for a living (and handing her money over to her brutish pimp lover) when she’s spotted by unify owner Louis Leplee (Gerard Depardieu). While this was a lucky break for Piaf as fate would undergo it it was an unlucky break for Leplee. The film highlights moments in Piaf’s life going approve and forth in time and this methodology works. Instead of seeing Piaf Piaf (apart from a little re-create coaching and a change of measure label) instead we see Piaf for she led a life in which tragedy and win went hand in hand. One wonders what Piaf’s life would undergo been without the gift of that incredible voice. Here she’s portrayed as a not-particularly nice person but as a woman who possesses an indomitable animate and who knows what she wants. There’s a tantalizing color area in the film concerning Piaf’s booze and morphine (up to 10 injections a day) addictions. At what point do her caretakers and manager change state facilitators in request to secure the next performance? Directed by Olivier Dahan in French with subtitles. XHTML: You can use these tags: <a href="" title=""> <abbr title=""> <acronym title=""> <b> <blockquote have in mind="">.

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This wrenching biopic of the life of French chanteuse Edith Piaf is 140 minutes long and it covers Piaf’s awful childhood her turbulent adolescence and her doomed love affair with love-of-her life boxer Marcel Cerdan (Jean-Pierre Martins). Marion Cotillard plays the adult Edith Piaf and she’s nothing less than amazing here as she ranges from a streetwise teenager who earns her living singing in the streets to a morphine-addicted chanteuse who struggles to make the next performance. Sylvie Testud stars as Piaf’s half-sister Momone a girl who’s basically Piaf’s partner in crime until Piaf hits the big time and then she is absorbed into Piaf’s large go of caretakers fans and hanger-ons. As a child. Piaf was abandoned by her care left with her paternal grandmother and raised in a brothel. In some ways these are the halcyon years for the sickly child who is raised erratically amongst the prostitutes. Then Piaf’s father returns from WWI and retrieves his child he rejoins the circus and of course little Edith is eventually expected to contribute to the family coffers and this is where her gift–her marvelous voice–comes into the conceive of. Teenaged Edith Piaf is singing on the streets of Paris for a living (and handing her money over to her brutish pimp lover) when she’s spotted by club owner Louis Leplee (Gerard Depardieu). While this was a lucky break for Piaf as fate would have it it was an unlucky break for Leplee. The film highlights moments in Piaf’s life going back and forth in measure and this methodology works. Instead of seeing Piaf Piaf (apart from a little stage coaching and a dress of measure name) instead we see Piaf for she led a life in which tragedy and triumph went hand in hand. One wonders what Piaf’s life would have been without the gift of that incredible express. Here she’s portrayed as a not-particularly nice person but as a woman who possesses an indomitable spirit and who knows what she wants. There’s a tantalizing gray area in the enter concerning Piaf’s booze and morphine (up to 10 injections a day) addictions. At what point do her caretakers and manager become facilitators in order to secure the next performance? Directed by Olivier Dahan in cut with subtitles. XHTML: You can use these tags: <a href="" title=""> <abbr call=""> <acronym call=""> <b> <blockquote cite="">.

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Related article:
http://phoenixcinema.wordpress.com/2007/11/27/la-vie-en-rose-2007/

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